McLaren MP4/1

Constructor
mclaren
Years
1981–1983
Designers
John Barnard, Alan Jenkins, Steve Nichols
Engine
Ford Cosworth DFV V8
Configuration
90-degree V8, 2993 cc, naturally aspirated
Power
510 bhp (510 bhp at 11,000 rpm; a TAG-Porsche turbo V6 of about 700 bhp was fitted late in 1983)
Chassis
carbon-fibre composite monocoque
Gearbox
McLaren/Hewland FGA 400 5-speed manual
Suspension
Brakes
disc
Weight
Wheelbase
Tyres
Michelin
Races
30
Wins
5
Poles
0
Drivers' titles
0
Constructors' titles
0
Specification confidence
high

Aluminium is not stiff enough to carry ground-effect loads; build the tub out of carbon fibre instead

The first carbon-fibre composite monocoque to race in Formula One

Barnard got the idea from Rolls-Royce engineers using carbon fibre in turbofan blades, and had the tub built by Hercules Aerospace in Utah because nobody in motor racing could make one. The paddock thought it would shatter. Then John Watson crashed heavily at Monza in 1981, the car broke apart around a tub that stayed intact, and he walked away. Every car on the grid was carbon-fibre within a few years, and it is the single largest reason drivers stopped dying.

43 races, 6 wins. No championships - its importance is structural, not competitive.